School of Health Sciences(Western Campus)
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- ItemThe academic performance of orphans in selected secondary schools of Busongora county Kasese District-western Uganda(Kampala International University, 2016-09-22) Bwambale, YokoniaThe objective of this study was to establish the causes, problems and solutions to problems affecting the orphans towards their academic achievement; and the administration of these orphans in the secondary schools of Busongora County – Kasese District in Uganda. This study involved the use of both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected from primary sources. The main method of data collection involved the use of questionnaires, which were designed in English. This method was chosen because it enabled respondents to answer personal questions more accurately than face-to-face interviews with a researcher.
- ItemAntibacterial activity of Carica papaya and common antibiotics against methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from Kampala International University Teaching Hospital wards Surfaces, Bushenyi, Uganda(Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-10) Abubakar, Sunusi AdamSiaph;’kwoccu.s epickrmk(Is’ is coagulase-negative staph>lococci that 1requentl~ cau* de~ ice or surger>-associated nosocomial infections worldwide. Methicillin resistant S. epidennidix (MRSIi) have been reported with very serious clinical implications. The antibiotics in clinical use are associated with high resistance levels and non-affordability due to high prices. (‘arica papai a that has been documented to have antimicrobial properties might be able to o{Thr a solution. This study was therefore aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of (‘. papaya and common antibiotics against MRSE isolated from wards surfaces of Kampala International 1.‘niversity [‘caching Ilospital. t‘ganda. S~~ab samples collected from selected ward surfaces were inoculated on Mannitol salt agar 11w isolation of,S epickwn,idlc. The isolates were tested against common antibiotics (Amikacin 3Opg. C’efa,olin 30j.tg. (‘elbxitin 3Ogg. I rimethoprim-sullhmethoxa,ole 25j.tg. (‘iproflo~acin 3Ogg and Gcntamicin 3Ogg) using the disc diffusion method. isolates resistant to (‘efoxitin ~scre subjected .0 C’ papa) a leafand seed crude extracts using agar ‘veil diffusion method. Minimum Inhihiton ,MIC) and Bactericidal concentration (MBC) ofthe C papaya leafand seed crude extracts were ictermined. mecA gene was detected from MRSI! using conventional Polymerase chain reaction. Jut ofthe 363 swab samples analyzed. 112 (30.85%) prevalence ofS. ephiermidis was obtained. 3oth C’ pcq;c(rci leaf and seed crude extracts (methanol and acetone) 4’~hibited antibaeteri,l ictivit> against MRSL with MlC’s and MI3Cs ranges of250 to 31.2mg/mi and 125 to 31.3mg ml 1w leaf and seed extracts respectively. Out of 112 S. epidermidis isolates. II (Q.8°’o) were found ~esistant to (‘efoxitin and all vicre pusiti~e for mecA gene. I his study concludes that £ epIdermicus is present in Kill- ElI wards surfaces. It was resistant to rnmethopnm-sulfamethox~ole (80.4%) and sensitive to Cefazolin (93.8%) and all the 1(9.8%) isolates resistant to Cefoxitin were positive for mecA gene. (‘arica papaya leaf and eec] crude extracts (methanol and acetone) were effective against MRSK. It is therefore recommended that KRJ-TII should use stronger disinfectants such as those containing phenol. ‘iguanides and halogens to decontaminate wards surfaces. In addition. Irimethoprim ulfainethw~aeole should not be prescribed in cases £ epiciermidis is implicated. (‘aricci papa,v 2afand seed crude extracts could be a source ofnovel antibiotics for treatment ofMRSI
- ItemAntimicrobial activity of ocimum suave (willd) essential oils against Uropathogens isolated from patients in selected hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda(Kampala International University, 2013) Tibyangy, JuliusThe bacterial uropathogens exhibit drug resistance due to misuse and/or inadequate use of antimicrobial agents. Essential oils derived from aromatic medicinal plants have been reported have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, and viruses. This study was carried out to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration of Ocimum suave (Willd) essential oils against bacterial uropathogens. A cross sectional and experimental study was carried out in six selected hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda.
- ItemAntiretroviral therapy adherence among patients Attending Hargeisa group hospital Hiv clinic, Hargeisa, Somaliland(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2013-11) Adam, Dr. Haibeh FarahBACKGROUND: ART adherence varies in different regions of the world. Garcia et al (2006) had examined the relationship between self-reported adherence and viral load suppression. The study showed that 76% of those reported adherence had a viral suppression versus only 25% of subjects reported non-adherence (Rosa, 2006). No previous similar studies were done in Somaliland. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed antiretroviral therapy adherence among patients attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH) in Hargeisa, Somaliland. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A sample of 271 of patients on ART at the HIV Clinic was interviewed and their CD4 documents reviewed. Key informant interviews were held for 4 people from the clinic staff and management. A chi square test was used to ascertain the relationship of independent variables with the dependent variable. RESULTS: The study has shown that 80.8% of respondents adhered to ART at 95% or more of the time. The study also has found that coming on foot to the clinic, living far from the clinic and being newly diagnosed with HN were factors that led to ART non-adherence behavior. The study also assessed other factors that were found to be not related to ART adherence in this clinic. These factors include age, gender, education, marital status, patient's knowledge of HIV and ARTs, family size and previous hospitalizations among other factors. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study found that the respondents who come on foot to the clinic, those lived far from the clinic and those diagnosed with HIV less than 3 years ago were less likely to adhere to ART. The researcher is recommending, making the services closer to the community by opening more clinics or by outreach programs.
- ItemAppraisal and employee performance: a case of Huye District, local government Rwanda(Kampala International University, 2012) Kayitsinga, J.M.VThis study investigated on the relationship between performance appraisal and employee performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the areas that employees are appraised on; establish the procedures and practices of evaluating employees’ performance; assess the effect of appraisal on employee performance and analyze the relationship between appraisals and employee performance. The study was carried out in 14 sectors and 77 cells of Huye district with the population of 287 employees.
- ItemAssessment of factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with less than 2 years Children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2013-11) Ahmed, Mulki DirieBackground: Exclusive breast feeding is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as giving breast milk alone for the first 6 months of life. World Health Organization recommends Mothers to breastfeed babies exclusively in the first six months. Breastfeeding and good nutrition for children are essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the goals relating to child survival. Breastfeeding is known to be the best way to feed infants by providing the psychological and health benefit to both the mother and the child. It is therefore considered physiologically, biochemically, immunologically and psychologically suited for this. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with less than 2years children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods Community based cross sectional study was carried out among mothers with less than 2years children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia, selected using cluster and simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewer oral structured questionnaire and it was entered and analyzed by using SPSS for windows version 16.0. The proportion was used to describe the results and it was presented in the form of figures and tables. Findings: A total of 424 mothers with less than 2 years children were interviewed. The ever exclusive breastfeeding rate in this study was 23.3%. And 65.6% breast feed less than 6 months without adding other foods, and .I% feed for over 6 months. The timely initiation rate of breastfeeding within one hour found in this study was 49.3% respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: Basing on the results of the study the socio-demographie factors studied in this study were not significantly affecting to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding except marital status and occupation of the mother. A range of characteristics affects the practice of timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Coordination, strengthening and sustaining of the existing strategies and approaches for further improvement of optimal breastfeeding practice is recommended
- ItemAssessment of problems associated with increased alcohol intake among youth in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda(Kampala International University, 2014) Akinbo, Elizabeth AbiodunThe objectives of this study were to determine prevalence and magnitude of health problems associated with alcohol intake among youth in Bushenyi district, Uganda and outline the relationship between alcohol intake and alcohol related problems among the study group. The methods; used was descriptive cross-sectional study design; a sample of 384 youth were selected from Bushenyi district to participate in the study. Multi-stage systematic random sampling technique was done and a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Results; the study established that alcohol problems were highly prevalent among the youth assessed.
- ItemBACTERIAL URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN(Kampala International University, 2023-03) SANDE, GEORGE BINNAUrinary tract infection is widespread among pregnant women and is accompanying adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Even so, no data exist regarding this problem in Bushenyi, the catchment area for KIUTH to guide specific management and thus to avert the adverse consequences. The aims is to assess the urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending ANC in KIUTH first trimester and its associated risk factors and to investigate the most common antibacterial agent used by infected pregnant women, in a total of about 350 pregnant women who attend the obstetrics and gynecology clinic with the inclusion criteria are to be included. The clinical symptoms such as frequency of micturition, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, urine color change, painful burning sensation, incomplete bladder evacuation will be utilized among the infected women. Since the symptoms are a good predictor for urinary tract infection during pregnancy, so early screening for pathogens and proper treatment for infected cases should be instituted.
- ItemChallenges to teacher professional development in secondary schools in Nyagatare district, Eastern province, Rwanda(Kampala International University, 2013) Kamanzi, FrancisThe study investigated challenges to teacher professional development in secondary schools in Nyagatare district. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the challenges, to identify the initiatives being carried out to ensure teacher professional development and to establish the possible interventions to the challenges to teacher professional development. It employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitatively generated data was presented in tables for analysis.
- Itemcomparative study of the antioxidant activities of leafy vegetables (solanum nigrum, amaranth us dub/us and cucurbita maxima), consumed in Bushenyi district, Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2013-12) Wambui, Kinyi; HellenThis study explored the antioxidant potential of three vegetables, commonly consumed in Bushenyi District of Western Uganda. The vitamin C, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and antihemolytic activity of the raw, steamed and boiled Amaranthus dubius, Solanum nigrum and Cucurbita maxima were investigated using in vitro methods. Spectrometry was used to evaluate the reducing power and antihemolytic activity, while titration using the 2, 6- indophenol method was used for vitamin C and replacement titration for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity .The results from this study showed that vitamin C content differed among cultivars of the same vegetable. The vitamin C content of the raw vegetables ranged from 0.93mg/l OOg to 5.55mg/l OOg with the ranking A.dubius>C.maxima>S.nigrum. Cooking the vegetables by steaming or boiling caused 88- 99% reduction in the vitamin C content of the cooked vegetables. There was a significant increase in the vitamin C content of the water used for boiling. Cooking caused variable effects in the antioxidant activity of the three vegetables. There was decreased activity in the reducing and scavenging activity of A.dubius as the scavenging activity of C. maxima and S.nigrum increased on steaming. The Antihemolytic activity of A.dubius and S.nigrum increased on steaming while that of C.maxima was variable among the two cultivars. The results from this study indicate that the vegetables have the potential to offer antioxidant activity which, however, can be affected by various cooking methods. A.dubius is the vegetable with the highest antioxidant activity and steaming is recommended as the preferred method of cooking.
- ItemDeterminants of quality in Rwanda’s free basic education: a case of Nyagatare District(Kampala International University, 2013) Niyonzima, GeorgeThe purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which teachers’ qualification, teachers’ remuneration and Class size determine the quality in Rwanda’s Free Basic Education, particularly in Nyagatare District. The main objectives of the were to assess the relationship between teachers’ qualifications and quality of students in Rwanda’s Free Basic Education; to find out the relationship between teachers’ remuneration (PTA allowance) quality of learners in Rwanda’s Free Basic Education and to determine the relationship between the class size (Teacher pupils ratio) and quality of Learners in Rwanda’s Free Basic Education.
- ItemDeterminants of secondary school dropout and its impact on social, economic and political development of Bushenyi District(Kampala International University, 2016-09-22) Barugahare, Mujuni Matson PatThe study was carried out to establish the determinants of school dropout in secondary schools in Bushenyi District. As the pool of school dropouts continues to grow, it is necessary to carry out an empirical study on the causes of school dropout, the impact caused by school dropout and the approaches that could be used to tackle this problem in Bushenyi District*. The objectives of the study were to establish determinants of secondary school dropouts in Bushenyi District, the impact of secondary school dropout on social, economic and political development of Bushenyi District and to identify the approaches that could be used to tackle the problem of secondary school dropout.
- ItemEffect of a Mixture of Allium Cepa and Camellia Sinensis Extracts On Hyperlipidemic Male Wistar Rats(Kampala International University, College of Applied Sciences, 2017-11) Kyobe, Ronald KimanjeThe burden of hyperlipidemia is on the rise globally especially in many low income countries like Uganda. Management of this metabolic disorder mainly involves dietary and behavioral therapies, which are often met with poor results as they require time and discipline from the patients. The chemotherapeutic options available are expensive, are associated with many side effects and are not readily available to the average citizen. Thus, an alternative effective remedy which is readily available and cheap is needed to combat the problem of hyperlipidemia. This study sought to establish the combination of Allium cepa and Camellia sinensis extracts with the highest antioxidant activity and evaluated the effect of this mixture on the plasma lipid profile of the male wistar rats. It also assessed the toxic effect of the mixture on the liver. The mixture of Allium cepa and Camellia sinensis at a ratio of 3:7 had the highest antioxidant activity. It reduced body weight, reduced total cholesterol, increased HDL and had no toxicity to the liver. It has thus been recommended as a potential therapy for hyperlipidemia and its associated complication of liver toxicity. A further study on the kinetics of the interaction of the antioxidants in the mixture has also been recommended.
- ItemThe effect of christian religious education on the ethics of secondary school students in Kabale Municipality(Kampala International University, 2012) Kyomugisha, Jackline M.The study was to examine the effect of Christian Religious Education (CRE) and the ethics of secondary school students in Kabale Municipality. Specifically, the study sought to find out the causes of continued indiscipline among secondary school students, investigate the effects of teaching CRE, and assess how secondary school students appreciate the teaching of CRE in Kabale Municipality.
- ItemEffect of municipal effluent on the water quality of Masaka Town ownership, Central Uganda(Kampala International University, 2017-02) Dikko, Muhammad AliyuIt determines the water quality of Masaka channelized stream based on the physicochemical parameters.
- ItemEffect of popped amaranthus hypochondriacus on calcium level and organs structure in type ii diabetic rats(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2017-05) Dr. Keneth, Iceland kasoziAmaranthus hypochondriacus (commonly refened as, Grain Amaranth; GA) has ant diabetic effect, although its role in influencing calcium homeostasis has not yet been explored. This is important since calcium metabolism in the tissues of diabetic individuals has been shown to be severely compromised. The aim of this study was to assess role of grain amaranth on tissue calcium and structure in T2DM Wistar rats. Thirty Male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Twenty rats were induced with T2DM by intraperitoneal injection with STZ/Nicotinamide at 60 and 120 mg/kg respectively. 0 f the 20 diabetic rats, these were divided into 4 groups (n = 5); Group A rats were treated with Mixtard® at 0.5 mg/kg, Group B not treated; Group C fed on a diet supplemented with 25% GA; Group D supplemented with 50% GA. Ten non-diabetic rats were divided into two groups (n =5): Group E fed on 50% GA and Group F fed on regular feed. Rats were kept for 5 weeks, after which, they were sacrificed. Brain, heart, liver and kidney tissues were harvested and biochemical analysis for calcium levels and histopathological changes was conducted. The study showed that at high concentration, GA has strong effects in the modulation of serum calcium levels in T2DM. In the heart and brain, GA led to reduced calcium concentrations which were comparable to the rats in the non-diabetic control group. In addition, vacouations in these tissues were at a minimum implying that GA improved calcium homeostasis leading to tissue protection. Although Ca2 + levels in both the liver and kidney were found to have increased withGA supplementation, no structural changes were observed. However, there was no significant differences (P > 0. 05) between the 25% and 50% supplementation levels thus implying that these were within the safe range. GA improves calcium metabolism in the tissues and a follow up study on molecular mechanisms would shade more insight.
- ItemThe effect of single parenting families on academic performance of pupils in primary schools of Rugando subcounty, Mbarara District(Kampala International University, 2016-09-22) Begumisa, EvalistusThis study was carried on the effect of single parenting families on academic performance of pupils in primary schools of Rugando sub county, Mbarara District. It aimed at achieving the set objectives which include; the factors that influence the academic performance of pupils in primary schools of Rugando Sub County, the contribution of single parenting families towards the academic performance of their pupils and the measures through which pupils academic performance of single parent families can be improved.
- ItemEffects of Mental Health Clinic Services in Khartoum Sudan(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2022-04) Fadul, Ishag Issa TagilABSTRACT The study factors affecting mental health clinic services in Sudan: Methodology: A health facility based descriptive cross sectional study design was used for this research. A total of 208 mental patients in remission phase were enrolled from four purposively selected health facilities in Sudan. Additionally eight key informants were interviewed. Data was generated using a questionnaire about social demographic factors, socioeconomic and health facility factors that influenced mental health clinic attendance, and key informant interviews provided in depth information on factors influencing regular clinic attendance. Results: Results indicated that majority 41.8% of the respondents were aged between 25-34 years, and more than half (53.4%) were females. Factors affecting regular clinic attendance included, having a care taker, (P-value 0.05) having someone in charge of treatment costs (p-value 0.002) and having a relative with mental disorder (p-value 0.01) and incurring no cost on transport,(p-value 0.03) Health facility factors affecting clinic attendance included distance to facility, drug availability, health facility accessibility and awareness of service, (p-value 0.005). Conclusion: The study recommends need to develop and promote interventions to economically empower families and people affected by mental illness so that they can sustain themselves an visit mental health clinic regularly to ensure continued stability. Additionally medications should be regularly stocked at the health centers to enable patients be able to access them whenever they visit the clinics for review.
- ItemEffects of selected artemisinin-based antimalarial combination therapies (acts) on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in wistar rats(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2017-05) Kalange, Muhamudu
- ItemEpidemiology and prehospital factors associated with Injury severity of motorcycle related femoral fractures At Mbarara and Kampala international university teaching Hospitals(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2017-07) Herman, LuleBackground: Motorcycle related femoral fractures constitute a poorly documented trauma entity in Uganda. There is paucity of data on socio-demographic, anatomical and prehospital determinants of motorcycle related femoral fracture injury severity. Knowledge of most at risk of poor injury outcome in resource limited settings with no formal prehospital care system is not only mandatory for evidence based preventive policy formulation but also guidance of clinical practice. Objectives: To determine socio-demographic characteristics, anatomical patterns and prehospital factors associated with injury severity of motorcycle related femoral fractures at two teaching hospitals in Uganda, using the Kampala Trauma Score II (KTSII). Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive and analytical hospital based six months study of consecutively recruited patients, using investigator-administered questionnaire at the Accident and Emergency Departments of Mbarara and Kampala International University Teaching Hospitals in Western Uganda, between December 2016 and June 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research and Ethics Committee (IRB No.l9/l 0-16). Data including history, clinical examination and radiological findings were recorded on a pretested coded questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis and Odds ratios were computed using IBM SPSS 20.0. Statistics for windows (Armonk. NY: IBM Corp) at 95% Confidence Interval and P=0.05 as statistically significant results: Of 230 patients, the mean age was 32 years (Std. Deviation 18.5 years), with male to female ratio of 2.4: l. The femoral shaft 72.6% (n=l67) was the most fractured anatomical site. Being a passenger on a motorcycle (OR 1.636; 95% CI [1.261-3.417; P=0.007), receiving no first aid before arrival (OR 2.106; 95% CI [1.818-2.495]; P