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Bacterial Profile, Susceptibility Patterns and Factors Associated with Culture-Positive Sputum among HIV Patients Presenting with Cough at Lira Infectious Disease Centre
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2024-05) Thelma Satha Kamara
Introduction
Pulmonary infections account for the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. There is a dearth and inconsistency of data on the subject in Uganda, with most of the studies done in Kampala. This study was directed to determine the bacterial profile, susceptibility patterns and factors associated with culture-positive sputum among HIV patients presenting with cough at the Lira Infectious Disease Centre (LIDC).
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study done at LIDC whereby HIV patients presenting with a productive cough had their sputum analysed. GeneXpert was first done to rule out tuberculosis then the culture and sensitivity were done to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility pattern. Binary logistic regression was done in SPSS version 26 to determine the factors associated with culture-positive sputum among HIV patients presenting with cough.
Results
Out of the 180 patients enrolled, the majority were female 62.8% with a mean age of 45 years (SD=12). Bacterial growth was seen in 31.1% of the samples. All samples were negative for tuberculosis. The most frequent organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (35.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) and Enterobacter species (8.9%). Salmonella species, Citrobacter freundii and Acinetobacter baumanii each constituted 1.8% of the minority findings. A combination of ceftriaxone and gentamycin was effective against most organisms isolated, while piperacillin-tazobactam, oxacillin, co-trimoxazole and ampicillin had the highest resistance rates. At the multivariable level of analysis, an unsuppressed viral load of ≥200 copies per millilitre of blood (aOR=2.315, CI=1.386-3.868, P=0.001) and low peripheral oxygen saturation of ≤ 94% on room air (aOR=2.448, CI=1.472-4.073, P=0.001) were independently associated with a sputum culture-positive cough.
Conclusion
Multiple bacteria with different susceptibilities were found. HIV patients at LIDC who present with a productive cough, a low oxygen saturation and an unsuppressed viral load should raise a high index of suspicion of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter species, Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter baumanii and Salmonella species infection in addition to testing for tuberculosis. A combination of ceftriaxone and gentamicin may be used empirically before the culture and sensitivity results are available.
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Evaluation Of The Dermal Safety Andefficacy Of Ethanolic crude Extract Of Momordica Foetida Schumach. et thonn Against Corynebacteriumjeikium
(Kampala International University, 2023-08) KAYIMA RONALD
Back ground;Body odour (maladour) is a chronic condition magnified by bacterial activity resulting into offensive smell which if not addressed results into embarrassment, loss of self-confidence, isolation, negative judgment and serious economic consequences. Malodouraffects around 3% adults worldwide.Expensive and aggressive measures like surgery, cosmetics, external antibiotics, botulinum toxin, lasers and personal hygiene are used to address the issue. However lack of evidence based guidelines and universal treatment for malodour,affordability, accessibility and serious adverse effects coupled with resistances, majority of affected individuals seek for alternative measures from herbal products. In Uganda Mordicafoetida leaves are used to manage malodour. However there is scanty scientific data on dermal safety and efficacy. Thestudy was aimed at determiningantibacterial activity of 70`% ethanolic crude extract ofMomordicafoetidaagainst Corynebacteriumjeikiumand its dermal safety
Methodology: Seventy percent ethanolic crude extract of Momordicafoetidawas extracted fromfresh leavesby maceration. Antibacterial activity against pure isolates of Corynebacteriumjeikium by Agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution methods, while dermal safety was evaluated using Draize’smethod.
Results: Crude extract caused mild irritation withoutoedema in albino rabbits on a single exposure. The Corynebacteriumjeikiumwas susceptible to Momordicafoetidawithhigher inhibition zone diameter of 17.67 ± 0.17 mm at a concentration of 256 µg/mL and 13.17 ± 0.23 mm for 128 µg/mL(p≤ 0.0001). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was16.0 µg/mL while minimum bactericidal concentration was 64.0 µg/mL
Conclusion:Applicationof momordicafoetida leaf extract at 210mg/mL and aboveon albino rabbit skin, caused mild irritation. Momordicafoetidacrude extract has antibacterial activity on C. jeikium showing bactericidal effects
Recommendations:There is a need to determine whether the mild skin irritationis due to hypersensitivity reactions or just a mere local irritation.Sub-acute and chronic dermal toxicity studies should be conducted to provide comprehensive toxicity profile ofMomordicafoetidacrude extract. Clinical trials should be performed regarding momordicafoetida leaf extract.
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Teamwork And Project Performance In Garowe General Hospital Expansion Project In Puntland, Somalia
(2026) Abdirahman Mohamed Osman
The study investigated the effects of teamwork practices on project performance in the Garowe
General Hospital Expansion Project in Puntland, Somalia. The research specifically examined
how collaboration, communication, and team-building influenced project outcomes. The study
was guided by the Team Effectiveness Theory, which emphasizes that well-coordinated,
cohesive, and communicative teams enhance performance and achieve project goals efficiently.
A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative and qualitative data
collection. Quantitative data were collected from 105 project staff using structured
questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from 10 key informants through in-depth
interviews, including hospital directors, project managers, engineers, and UNOPS supervisors.
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analyses to
determine the relationships and predictive effects of teamwork practices on project performance.
The findings revealed that collaboration, communication, and team-building moderately to
highly influenced project performance. Descriptive statistics indicated average mean scores of
3.39 for collaboration, 3.28 for communication, and 3.34 for team-building. Correlation analysis
showed significant positive relationships with project performance (collaboration: r = 0.516, p <
0.01; communication: r = 0.438, p < 0.01; team-building: r = 0.472, p < 0.01). Regression
analyses indicated that collaboration, communication, and team-building explained 26.6%,
19.2%, and 22.3% of the variation in project performance, respectively, while the combined
model explained 45.0% (F = 28.96, p < 0.001). The study concluded that teamwork practices
significantly enhance project performance. Collaboration emerged as the most influential factor,
followed by team-building and communication. These findings confirmed the relevance of the
Team Effectiveness Theory in guiding healthcare infrastructure projects and demonstrated that
coordinated team efforts improve project efficiency, quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. The
study recommended that policymakers in Puntland strengthen frameworks that support
collaboration, communication, and coordination in infrastructure projects. Project managers and
implementing agencies should integrate structured team-building activities, enhance
communication channels, and promote joint decision-making. Healthcare institutions should
facilitate trust and cohesion among staff to improve project outcomes, while local communities
should be engaged to ensure that project objectives meet societal needs. The study contributed
theoretically by confirming the applicability of the Team Effectiveness Theory in a healthcare
infrastructure context. Methodologically, it demonstrated the value of combining quantitative
and qualitative approaches to assess teamwork effects on project performance. Practically, it
provided evidence-based insights for project managers and policymakers, while societally and
organizationally, it highlighted how effective teamwork can enhance healthcare service delivery
and improve project efficiency.
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Project Governance Processes and Performance of Billan Road Construction Project in Lasanod District, Somalia
(2026) Anas Ahmed Abdirahman
The study examined the influence of project governance processes on the performance of the Billan Road
Construction Project in Lasanod District, Somalia. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effects
of project documentation procedures, stakeholder engagement, and financial management practices on
the performance of the Billan Road Construction Project. The study was guided by the Theory of Project
Governance developed by Peter W. G. Morris (2016), which emphasizes accountability, transparency,
stakeholder participation, and financial control mechanisms as key determinants of project success. A
convergent parallel research design integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches was
employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of governance processes and their effect on project
outcomes. The target population comprised project managers, engineers, contractors, and officials from
relevant government agencies, with a total of 119 respondents selected through both simple random and
purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides
and analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses using SPSS software.
The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between project documentation procedures and
project performance (r = 0.741**, p < 0.01), indicating that consistent and transparent recordkeeping
enhances coordination, accountability, and project continuity. Similarly, stakeholder engagement were
positively correlated with project performance (r = 0.692**, p < 0.01), suggesting that inclusive
participation and communication significantly improve project quality and community ownership.
Financial management practices also showed a strong positive correlation with project performance (r =
0.805**, p < 0.01), demonstrating that transparency, proper budgeting, and open-book accounting
contribute to timely delivery and cost control. The study concluded that project documentation procedures, stakeholder engagement, and financial management significantly influence the performance of the Billan Road Construction Project in Lasanod District. It recommended that project implementers establish standardized documentation frameworks, strengthen inclusive stakeholder participation mechanisms, and enhance financial transparency and accountability through regular audits and open reporting systems. Furthermore, it advised government agencies and development partners to institutionalize governance structures that promote accountability, collaboration, and resource efficiency to ensure sustainability and improved performance of infrastructure projects in Somalia.
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Effects of Managerial Competences on Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in South -Western Uganda: A Case of Selected Saccos in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Business and Management, 2023-05) Namara Beatrice
This study sought to establish the effects of managerial competences on the financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality. The study was induced by the managerial incompetence’s experienced in the Sacco leading to low performance. This study thus aimed at enhancing the understanding of the impact of managerial competences on financial performance of Sacco’s. Due to the significant adaptability of the locals, the savings and credit cooperatives (SACCO) industry is currently growing swiftly throughout east Africa. Micro Finance Support Centre (MSC) claims that SACCO performance in Uganda has been below average. The research was guided by the following objectives: To establish the correlation between technical skills on financial performance of SACCO’s in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, to determine the relationship between conceptual skills on financial performance of SACCO’s in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality and to investigate the relationship between Interpersonal skills on financial performance of SACCO’s in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality. Data was collected using Self-administered questionnaires. The Population of the study was 100 respondents and the Sample size was 80. The correlation research design was used in this study. Findings indicated a positive significant correlation between technical skills on financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi- Ishaka Municipality (P=0.000, P< 0.05), the study also revealed a positive significant relationship between conceptual skills on financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality (P=0.000, P<0.05), the study further revealed that there was no significant relationship between interpersonal skills on financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi Ishaka-municipality ( P=0.000, P=0.121 or P>.051). According to an adjusted R2 value of (.625), managerial abilities explained 62.5% of variances in financial performance. According to this study, the conclusion was the performance of the financial sector is significantly influenced by technical and conceptual managerial skills. Therefore, the study recommended that the financial performance of the SACCOs in the Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality may be improved by holding seminars and workshops focused at enhancing technical, conceptual and interpersonal skills in order to achieve maximum Sacco’s financial performance.