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Comorbidities and factors associated with mortality among children under five years admitted with severe acute malnutrition in the nutritional unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University, 2020-01) Desire Ngudjolo Banga
Background: Mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition remains an immense health concern in the hospitals in Africa, but its attributes are not fully known various hospital settings. This study determined the proportion of mortality, the Comorbidities and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among children under five years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Methods: This was a hospital-based analytical descriptive prospective cohort study conducted at in the nutritional unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. This study was performed from July to October 2019 with children under five years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition and their caregivers from and their caregivers. A total of 338 children and their caretakers who met the criteria were consecutively enrolled into the study. Children were followed until discharge from the nutritional unit or until death. Data collected from questionnaires, WHO chart and culture media were entered into Microsoft Excel version 10 and imported into Stata 12 for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to each of the independent factors and comorbidities were subjected to Chi-square test followed by logistic regression analysis to assess its association incidence of mortality among children. All independent variables with p-values ≤0.05 were entered into a multivariate model for factors and comorbidities independently. Factors and Comorbidities with p-values ≤0.05 were considered as associates of mortality of mortality among children.
Results: Of the 338 children under 5 years of age enrolled, 49(14.5%) died. Although the majority children were diagnosed with dehydration, 128(37.9%) and pneumonia, 127(37.6%) and malaria, 87(25.7%).Anemia (aRR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.23-6.62, p=0.01), bacteremia (aRR=10.0, 95%CI: 3.62-29.01, p=0.01), HIV (aRR=4.8, 95%CI: 1.42-16.30, p<0.01), TB (aRR=4.3, 95%CI: 1.28-14.49, p <0.02) and shock (aRR=60.9, 95%CI: 9.05-410.28, p <0.01) were the Comorbidities significantly associated with a likelihood of mortality.
Conclusions: This study has shown that there was a relatively high in hospital mortality of 14.5% among children under 5 years of age admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition, with an increased risk among males, those admitted for less than 72 hours and presenting anemia, bacteremia, HIV, TB and shock. An implication of the findings is that children admitted with severe acute malnutrition need to be followed up from admission to discharge and the health workers are recommended to focus on the critical comorbidities identified especially among males.
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Ethical Leadership and Job Performance of Teachers in Secondary Schools in Kyabugimbi Sub-County, Bushenyi District, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2019-10) Benon Tumwesigye Mujuni
This study analyzed the relationship between ethical leadership and job performance of teachers in secondary schools in Kyabugimbi Sub-County, Bushenyi District. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between ethical guidance and job performance of teachers; to assess the relationship between power sharing and job performance of teachers; and to evaluate the relationship between the integrity of head teachers and job performance of teachers in Secondary schools in Bushenyi District. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design on a sample of 124 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages means, correlation and regression. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The results revealed that performance of teachers, head teachers providing of ethical guidance, ensuring of power sharing and personal integrity were good. Inferential results revealed that ethical guidance, power sharing and integrity had a positive and significant influence on job performance of teachers. It was concluded that ethical guidance by head teachers is a pre-requisite for job performance of teachers, power sharing in schools is imperative for job performance of teachers, and integrity of head teachers is paramount for job performance of teachers. It was thus recommended that head teachers in secondary schools should offer ethical guidance in administration of schools, promote power sharingand exhibit integrity in their administration.
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Stakeholder-Centric Analysis for Enhancing Private Sector Building Project Performance in Central Division, Kampala, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-10) Michael Gerezgiher Berhe
Project participants, including owners, professionals, consultants, contractors, stakeholders, suppliers, and regulators, regularly face a multitude of challenges that significantly impact project performance. These challenges encompass a wide range of issues, from extending project timelines and securing funding to adapting to evolving technologies and managing influential factors such as budget constraints. This situation is not different in Central division, Kampala, Uganda. To address these challenges, this study focused on stakeholder-centric analysis of causes of project delays, cost overruns, and by developing a predictive model for effective project management. To gather data, questionnaires were distributed among professionals actively involved in building projects, carefully selected from diverse private housing developers in Kampala. These professionals were identified Project managers, Consultants, Quantity surveyors, Clerk of works and Architects. In addition, data relating to project completion dates, milestones, panned durations, contract sums and actual expended sums was collected from the identified building projects. The study established an average value of time overrun was found to be 20% with the highest found in residential/apartments at 57.8% and the lowest in hospitality (hotels, recreational centers), and Institutions (college, schools) both at 4.8%. Further analysis revealed that cost overrun is at an average of 33.1% with the highest established in Retail (mall, office, shops) at 41.3%. Notably, many of these projects delegated quality responsibility to diploma holders, sometimes sidelining compliance with construction project regulations. Rigorous scrutiny of project plans before execution ensured alignment with regulatory standards, with data analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study's findings revealed that the most causes of time and cost overruns in building construction are in the order of cash flow causes, construction related, cost and scope estimation, nature of projects and environmental aspects. Basing on the identified causes and after determining their influences on time, a time overrun prediction model was established as: Y = 0.236 + 0.212X1 + 0.187X2 + 0.180X3 + 0.175X4 + 0.156X4 + 0.990. The model demonstrate that a 21.2% are cash flow causes, a 0.187% construction related causes, 18% cost and scope related causes, and a 17.5% are due to the nature of the project i.e. complexity, Design and build, and lastly 15.6 % are due to environmental aspects such as rain.
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Teacher characteristics and use of ICT in the teaching - learning in Secondary Schools of Mpondwe Lhubiriha Town Council, Kasese District-Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2021-04) Ashirafu Masudi Kule
This study investigated the relationship between teachers’ characteristics and their use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Mpondwe Lhubiriha Town Council in Kasese District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined whether teacher characteristics namely; teachers perceived usefulness of ICT, perceived ease of use of ICT and teacher ICT competence influenced their use of ICT in teaching and learning. This study adopted the correlational research design on a sample of 127 secondary school teachers. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). At univariate level, descriptive statistics: frequencies mean and standard deviation were used while at bivariate level, inferential statistics: correlation and regression were used. Descriptive results revealed that teachers rated their use of ICT and perceived competence as poor, and rated usefulness of ICT as good and their use of ICT as fair. Regression analysis revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and ICT competences had a positive and significant influence on use of ICT in teaching learning. It was concluded that perceived usefulness is a prerequisite for teachers’ use of ICT, perceived ease of use is imperative for use of ICT and competences are essential for use of ICT. Therefore, it was recommended that the Ministry of Education and head teachers should provide awareness trainings to teachers about the usefulness of ICT. The Ministry of Education and Schools should train teachers on the use of ICT and develop their ICT competences.
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Epidemiology and Early Outcomes of Assault Injuries Among Trauma Patients Presenting at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University, 2021-11) Daniel Asiimwe
Background: Interpersonal violence is increasingly becoming a global public health concern and in Uganda, intentional injuries constitute 7.3% of the injury burden (Mutto, Lett, Lawoko, Nansamba, & Svanstrom, 2010). Objective: To assess the epidemiology and early outcomes of assault injuries among trauma patients presenting at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted among of 439 trauma patients presented at KIU-TH and JRRH, 143 patients had assault injuries and 296 non assault injuries. 140 eligible assault patients were actively followed up to achive study objectives. The ethical clearance number was UG-REC-023/2021-17. Data were obtained from all the participants using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The analyzed data was then presented in form of frequency tables. Results: Out of 140 eligible assault patients, the head was the most isolated body part injured accounting for 38(27.1%) and it was also part of 68 (48.6%) multiple injuries. The commonest type of injuries were cuts & Soft tissue injuries accounting for 96(68.6%). Based on Kampala Trauma Score II (KTS II), most 62(44.3%) of assaults injuries presenting were mild injuries, 49(35%) were moderate injuries and lastly, 29(20.7%) were severe injuries. The factors significantly associated with assault injuries were male sex (OR=1.67, 95%CI=(1.04-2.67), P-value=0.032), unemployment (OR=1.61, 95%CI=(1.04-2.47), P value=0.030), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.70, 95%CI=(1.11-2.60), P-value=0.015). Majority 124(88.6%) were still alive by 30 days of the follow-up in the hospitals, and there were 8(5.7%) referrals and 8(5.7%) deaths. The average hospital stay for dead patient was of 2 days, the living one was 3.5 days and it took an average hospital stay of less than a day for an assault patient to be referred. At JRRH the average hospital stay was 3.2 days while at KIU-TH the average hospital stay was 3.5 days. Conclusions: Assault is a significant health problem linked to many negative outcomes such as death and poor physical health. Therefore there is a need to create more job opportunities to reduce unemployment and putting in place policies aimed at regulating the consumption of Alcohol among communities to reduce the burden related to assault injuries Keywords: epidemiology, assault, injury , interpersonal violence