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Factors Associated With Utilisation Of Cervical Cancer Screening Services Among Women Aged 25 - 49 In Bushenyi District, Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-05) LYNETTE KICONCO
Cervical cancer is a public health concern worldwide among women. In Africa, Uganda, cervical cancer incidence rate is at 54.8 per 100,000 per year. Despite the interventions, by Ministry of Health, the screening coverage is still very low .This study therefore aimed at identifying factors associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women aged 25 - 49 years in Bushenyi district western Uganda.
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed and questionnaires were administered using Semi structured interviews to collect data from women of reproductive age from May toJuly 2022. A total of 392 women from Bushenyi district, western Uganda were selected using systematic sampling in the study area.
The study established that the utilization of cervical cancer screening services was 15.1% (n= 58/385) in Ishaka Bushenyi and Kizinda Kigoma Town council.
The study also showed that women aged 25-34 years were two times more likely to utilize cervical screening services compared to those aged 45-49 years significantly at p<0.040; cOR=2.234, 95% CI (0.13-11.93). Women who were divorced were five times less likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services compared to the single significantly at p<0.001, cOR=5.11, 95% CI (2.31-29.3). Also, women with no formal education were five times less likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services compared to those with formal education significantly at p<0.001, cOR=5.31, 95%CI [1.16-16.66]. The knowledge of cervical cancer screening in this study was high (>90%) of the studied population.
Education and age were found to be significant factors in the uptake of cervical cancer screening services in women aged 25–49 years. The study recommends that women in rural areas utilize Cervical Cancer Screening services to benefit from the intervention
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Assessment Of Flood Risk Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of River Mubuku Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-05) Mohodiin Abdi Dhaqane
Floods are regarded to be the most common and dangerous natural hazard in the entire world. In Uganda, floods have affected more than hundreds of thousands of people across central, western, eastern, and northern region. A case in time is the recent 2020 Kasese flood scenario that resulted in over 1,252 people displaced and property worth billions of shillings or dollars destroyed. However, despite the above devastation, no comprehensive study has been undertaken to assess flood risk and roles played by different flood drivers in Mubuku watershed. The current study aimed at assess flood extents and roles played by different drivers using remote sensing techniques. Relative frequency Ratio (FR) Model was utilized to assess flood risk and the importance of each flood causative factor. A total of (8) flood causative factors were analyzed and sub class performance of each factor indicate altitude (FR = 8.27) for class 1000 – 1500, drainage density (FR = 2.77) for class 10 – 15, slope <5 (FR = 2.97), commercial farming (FR = 25.86), SPI (FR = 1.93) for class <5, peat or peated sand and clays soil type (FR = 48.45), precipitation (FR = 2.44) for class 1500.01 – 2000.00 and finally TWI (FR = 11.89) for class 16.01 - 23.74. Overall influence of selected causative factors indicated soil type (18%) as the largest influencer, followed by altitude (17%), drainage density (13%) and slope (10%). Validation of the flood model indicated good performance by ROC receiver operating characteristic method Area under Curve (AUC = 0.899). Therefore, these results suggest that relative frequency Ratio Model can be utilized as a quick alternative method for analyzing flood risk. Moreover, flood control measures targeting soil improvement such as bamboo and tree planting, flow management such as gabions are equally important. Key Words: GIS, Flood risk, Remote sensing Relative Frequency Ratio Model, Mubuku.
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Profiles, integrity, availability of cadavers and factors associated with willingness to self-body donation among medical schools/faculties in Southwestern Uganda.
(Kampala International University, 2024-05) Ndyamuhakyi Elisa
Background: Shortage of cadavers for anatomical studies is still a major challenge faced in medical schools globally. This is due to sole dependence on unreliable cadaver sources. Alternative means like body bequest programs would aid to solve this shortage. The success of the bequest programs depends on factors such as availability of donation policy and the public willingness to donate. This study determined the cadaver profiles, integrity, availability, willingness to cadaver donation and factors associated among staffs in medical schools in South Western Uganda. Methods: Across sectional study was carried out among medical schools in South Western Uganda. Ethical approval was obtained. Three data collection tool were used. The first two tools were questionnaires that assessed for cadaver availability in medical schools and factors associated with willingness to cadaver donation among academic staffs and the third tool was a checklist that collected data on cadaver profiles and integrity. Data was cleaned in Microsoft excel and exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Results: Majority of cadavers were male (68%), adult (96%), blacks (100%), unknown cause of death (96%), unclaimed source (100%) with no record tag (96%). About 27% Cadavers had poor microbial integrity with the majority (65.5%) having a mixture of fungi and bacteria. Inadequacy of cadavers was noted among most (66.7%) of medical schools. Reasons attributed were cost of procurement, unreliable cadaver source and poor preservation methods. Willingness to self cadaver donation was 16%. Reasons for unwillingness were cultural beliefs (53.7%), religious beliefs (44.8%) and mental unreadiness (37.8%). About 47% and 66% staffs had limited knowledge and negative attitude to cadaver donation. Factors associated were, recommendation from a colleague (P=0.000), knowledge (P=0.000) and attitude (P=0.024) to cadaver donation. Conclusion: A high number of cadavers had poor microbial integrity. Most medical schools in SWU had inadequate cadavers attributed to poor preservation and unreliable cadaver sources. Academic staffs had low levels of willingness, less knowledge and negative attitude to cadaver donation. Better cadaver preservation methods should be adopted. Create awareness on body donation programs to increase public’s knowledge and change their attitude to body donation. To advocate for the establishment of the body donation policy and programs in medical schools since its existence influences the willingness to cadaver donation.
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Change Management Strategies in Government Programs and Household Poverty Eradication in Rurehe Sub County in Mitooma District, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2025-03) Karyeija Johnson
This study was set out to evaluate the impact of change management strategies on poverty alleviation in Rurehe Sub-County, Mitooma District, Uganda. The focus was on the influence of teamwork and collaboration, communication, and leadership strategies on poverty reduction efforts. Employing a quantitative research approach with correlational and survey designs, the study targeted 242 individuals, selecting a sample of 151 respondents using the Yamane formula. Primary data were collected through both self-administered and researcher administered questionnaires, with piloting conducted to ensure the rationality and reliability of the research tools. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regressions. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between teamwork and collaboration (β = 0.208, t = 2.042, p = 0.043) and leadership strategies (β = 0.227, t = 2.293, p = 0.024) on poverty reduction, suggesting that these strategies are vital for enhancing poverty alleviation outcomes. In contrast, communication strategies demonstrated a non-significant negative impact (β = -0.041, t = -0.378, p = 0.706), indicating that they do not significantly influence household poverty eradication in this context. The study concludes that teamwork, collaboration, and leadership strategies play a key role in poverty reduction in Rurehe Sub-County, while communication strategies have a limited effect. The study recommends that government programs should focus on strengthening teamwork, collaboration, and leadership, while revisiting and making innovations to improve communication strategies to maximize their contribution to poverty reduction. The findings suggest that policy makers should prioritize collaborative and leadership-driven approaches in poverty alleviation programs, while practitioners should work on enhancing community engagement and resource mobilization to ensure long-term impact.
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Incidence and Factors Associated with Immediate Adverse Neonatal Outcome Among Emergency Obstetric Referrals in Labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University, 2023-12) Okot Geoffrey
A bulk of referral cases in tertiary health institutions are constituted by obstetric patients with a wide range of indications. Pregnancy and childbirth need timely referrals to decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Sub- Saharan Africa, the majority of neonatal mortality and morbidity are intrapartum related, and recent studies in Uganda have noted that a mother being referred in labor is a major determinant of adverse neonatal outcomes. Aim: To determine the incidence of immediate adverse neonatal outcomes and associated factors among emergency obstetrics referrals in labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: A Cohort study involving 265 women referred with obstetric emergencies in labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in 3 months. A consecutive sampling was employed, Interviewer -Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. A descriptive statistic, binominal logistic regression was used to achieve the study objectives. Data analysis was conducted using STATA statistical package Version 15. Results: Out of the 265 participants, 40% had adverse neonatal outcomes of which 27.6 % were NICU admissions, 23.8% had low Apgar score, 11.3% FSB, 6.8% early-onset neonatal infections, and 2.3% early neonatal deaths. Maternal age above 34 years (aRR=1.72, CI:1.194 2.477, p= 0.004), APH (aRR =2.48, CI:1.859-3.311, p<0.001) and non-reassuring fetal status (aRR=1.90, CI:1.394-2.584, p < 0.001) had strong association to adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusions and Recommendations The Incidence of adverse neonatal was high with the commonest neonatal adverse outcomes being NICU admissions and ow Apgar scores. Maternal Age ≥35 years, APH, and Non reassuring fetal status had a strong significant association with adverse neonatal. Therefore, A multicentered study with a longer study duration is recommended to elicit more generalizable findings to inform management protocols and policies for a reduction in adverse neonatal outcomes among this group, including a community-based intervention for community-based policies is recommended for attributable factors to adverse neonatal outcomes. Key words: Emergency Obstetric Referrals, Adverse Neonatal Outcomes