Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Community Health(DCM)
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- ItemAssessment of knowledge, attitude and prevalence of mothers towards exclusive breast-feeding at postnatal clinic of Kampala International University –Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Okwiri, PeterIntroduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, in addition to its continuation with the addition of supplementary foods until 2 years or more (World Health Organization, 2008). Aim: To assess the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers towards exclusive breast-feeding at postnatal clinic of Kampala International University –Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design. Results: According to the findings of this study, the biggest number of respondents 38(44.19%) were in the age bracket of 26-30 years, 44(51.16%) were Banyankore by tribe, 65(75.58%) were married, 49(56.98%) were employed while only a third reported not to have attended formal education. The prevalence of EBF among women in this study was (55.17%) and the practice was found more among those aged between 26-30 (47.37%) and 31-35 (53.33%), Baganda (80.00%), Banyoro (62.50%), single women (52.38%), non-employed (72.97%) and those who never attended formal education. Nearly half of the respondents 48.26% had knowledge about exclusive breast feeding while majority of women in this study (54.53%) had a negative attitude towards EBF where 91.86% of the women believed that EBF causes the breasts to become flat, while 22.09% believed that EBF causes respiratory tract infections for the baby and 67.44% of the women were comfortable with extra feeding other than breast milk for a child less than 6 months. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF among women in this study was low and the practice was found more among those aged above 26 years, Baganda and Banyoro, single women, non-employed and those who never attended formal education. On average, nearly half of the respondents had knowledge about exclusive breast feeding while majority of women in this study had a negative attitude towards EBF. Recommendations: Increased sensitization of mothers through health education talks at the health facilities. In addition, similar studies should also be carried but covering larger sample sizes.
- ItemPrevalence of malaria among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Atutur Hospital Kumi District Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Akol, TophistarThis chapter deals with background of the study, global malaria burden, burden of malaria in pregnancy in Africa, burden of malaria in pregnancy in Uganda, problem statement, study objectives, research questions, study justification, conceptual frame work and scope of the study. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Globally, Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. More than 40% of the world population lives in malarias areas(World Health Organisation., 2010). According to the report, there were 212 million new cases of malaria worldwide in 2015 (range 148–304 million). The WHO African Region accounted for most global cases of malaria (90%), followed by the South-East Asia Region (7%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2%) (WHO, 2016a). In 2015, there were an estimated 429 000 malaria deaths (range 235 000–639 000) worldwide (WHO, 2016a). Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health Problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (WHO, 2010). The burden of malaria infection during pregnancy is Caused mainly by Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), the most common malaria species in Africa (World Health Organisation., 2010). P. falciparum infection in pregnancy leads to parasite sequestration in the maternal placental vascular space, with consequent maternal anemia and infant low birth weight (LBW) due to both prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Malaria control still remains a challenge in Africa where 45 countries, including Nigeria, are endemic for malaria, and about 588 million people are at risk (World health organization, 2013). The protection of pregnant women living in malaria-endemic countries has been of particular interest to many National Malaria Control Programme because of their reduced immunity. Most cases of malaria in pregnancy in areas of stable malaria transmission are asymptomatic (Wellington, 2009). To assess the magnitude of the burden of malaria in pregnancy and its contribution to infant mortality, we evaluated data from published and unpublished studies during the last 15 years (1990–2005) and focus on sub-Saharan Africa, where data are most available. Because of the multiple pathways for the chain of events between maternal malaria infection and infant mortality, we specifically sought studies that evaluate malaria, anemia, and HIV infection and their contribution to low birth weight and potentially to infant mortality. There is a paucity of population-based data on malaria in pregnancy in settings of low malaria endemicity. Between 2010 and 2015, malaria incidence rates (new malaria cases) fell by 21% globally and in the African Region. During this same period, malaria mortality rates fell by an estimated 29% globally and by 31% in the African Region (WHO, 2016a).
- ItemAssessment of factors associated with late antenatal care attendance among pregnant women at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka Bushenyi(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Ipulet, BenahBACKGROUND. Early initiation of antenatal care visits is an essential component of services to improving maternal and new born health. The Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UBOS, 2007, UDHS, 2006) conducted in 2006 and Uganda Bureau of Statistics conducted in 2007 indicated that 94% of women in rural areas being twice less likely to attend ANC than the urban women, only 8% of rural women in Uganda received ANC from a doctor. However, detailed study to identify factors associated with late initiation of care has not been conducted in KIU-teaching hospital. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with late ANC care attendance and to determine the proportion of women who attend late to ANC in KIU-teaching hospital. Methods: The study design will be cross-sectional, the study Participants will be pregnant women, nurses, administrators doctors; it will be conducted at Kampala international teaching hospital for a period of one month. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire and interview method. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with late first ANC with the level of significance set at 0.056. Results: A total of 156 women participated in the study; 100 (64.1%) of them came for their first ANC visit late, after 12 weeks of gestation. Most common reasons for coming late for first ANC were financial constraints (38.5%, 60) and long distance to the hospital (34.5%, 45). Factors associated with late start of first ANC, Traditional beliefs (25, 22.9%), Myths and misconceptions (05, 14.3%), Ignorance (02, 11.4%), Age (04, (17.1%), Conclusion: About half of pregnant women do not start ANC early in the first trimester largely due to large family size, low monthly income and long distance to the hospital, age, alternatives, poor quality of services, harassments from health workers. Keywords: Antenatal care, Late ANC, focused groups, attendees.
- ItemFactors contributing to low utilization of postnatal services among mothers at maternal and child health clinic Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Atine, JamesThe postnatal is defined by the World Health Organization as the period beginning one hour after delivery of the placenta and continuing until six weeks after the birth of an infant. The objectives of the study were as follows To determine the socio-economic factors associated with low utilization of post natal care services at KIUTH. To identify cultural factors associated with low utilization of postnatal care services at KIUTH. To find out hospital facility related factors associated with low utilization of post natal care services at KIUTH. A cross-sectional hospital- based study design was used to conduct the study among 140 mothers attending maternal and child health clinic in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital during the study period and only those who consent to participate in the study. The results indicated that majority of the participants 66(47.1%) were between 21 and 30 years old and most of them 58(41.4%) attained school up to secondary level. A high proportion 120(85.7%) of the participants were married and majority 75(53.6%) were farmers. Furthermore, majority of the participants 70(50%) said that their husbands were not supportive to them and also most of them were moving a distance of between 1 and 2 Kilometers from home to the health facilities. From the results the government should increase the staffing of health units such that mothers can be encouraged to attend postnatal care services. Health workers should do more health education to mothers especially during their antenatal visits about a need for earlier attend postnatal care services after delivery. Mothers who deliver from health centers should be encouraged to attend post natal care service and they can be encouraged to bring their husbands so that they both can be health educated about the health of the mother and the child. The government should use mass media like radios, televisions to encourage mothers to utilize postnatal services in increased numbers.
- ItemAssessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of men towards accompanying their spouses for antenatal care at KIUTH Bushenyi District(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-04) Tusimire, MercyBack ground: Male involvement in reproductive health is a complex process of social, behavior emotional and psychological change that requires men to play more responsible role in reproductive health Males’ involvement in antenatal care through accompanying their spouses for antenatal care service has greatly reduced on mental mortality and mobility from pregnancy related complications. Significance of study: The study is aimed at .assessing the knowledge attitude and practices of men towards accompanying their spouses for antenatal care at KIUTH Bushenyi Uganda descriptive cross-section design quantize bin nature was used . Convenient sampling methods was employed to recruit sixty seven respondents Methods: Questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed manually. Results: 67.2% of respondents stated that there was need for men to accompany their spouses for antenatal care services. 32.8% stated that it was not necessary for men to accompany their spouses from antenatal care services Conclusion: The research concluded that most of the men knew the importance for escorting their spouses for antenatal care service but they did not know they benefited from the services offered and their roles as far as antenatal care service are concerned
- ItemPrevalence of malaria in pregnant women who attended Kampala International University Teaching Hospital between January 2015 and December 2015(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-06) Nasasira, InnocentIntroduction: Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease transmitted by female anopheles’ mosquitoes. It is the most highly prevalent tropical disease, with high morbidity and mortality and high economic and social impact. Malaria is a major public health problem affecting between 300–500 million people annually (Guyatt et al, 2004.) Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out to assess the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy among pregnant women who attended Kampala International University Teaching Hospital with an objective of assessing the prevalence, preventive measures and outcomes of the condition. Results: A total of 53 cased were found to have developed the condition in the year 2015. Thus the prevalence for that year was found to be 5.4% (54 cased per 1000 pregnant women). The age group which was most affected was between 20 to 24 years. Women in their second trimester pregnancy had the highest rate of the condition (30.2%). Those in their third trimester were also the most affected (35.8%). Most women had taken the first dose of intermittent preventive therapy (52.8%) but only few had taken the second dose (26. 4%).The complications which were encountered were severe maternal anemia (9.4%), low birth weight (5%), preterm birth (4%), and fetal demise (2%) Conclusion: The study will reveal whether the community is aware of the ways of the transmission of the disease i.e. bites from the infected mosquito, whether they have knowledge on how to prevent the disease and also its possible outcomes i.e. complications. Recommendation People’s attitudes should be geared towards knowing that it is their responsibility to reduce the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in the community by making preventive measure such as vector control by draining stagnant water and clearing bushes around their homes.
- ItemPeptic ulcer prevalence among patient attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Ishaka Bushenyi Municipality(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-06) Namugerwa, JulianaThe study assessed the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease among patients attending of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and the objectives of study were to find out the gender distribution of peptic ulcer disease and to find out which age group is more affected by peptic ulcer disease among patients attending of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital It was a retrospective study in which quantitative methods were used to collect data from the patients and later described, compared and analyzed different variables The study found out that PUD is highly prevalent among patients attending KIUTH (14.8%) and is highest among the middle age group of 31-40 years (32.7%), with females (66.7%) being more affected than males (33.3%). In conclusion, although some interventions have been put in place to manage PUD, its prevalence is still high and more interventions are required therefore the following were the recommendations made after the study, Community sensitization on causes of PUD should be enforced at hospitals and also better diagnostic techniques should be used for early diagnosis of PUD
- ItemKnowledge and practices on sexually transmitted infections among women of reproductive age (18-45 years old) attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-06) Abdul, Karim NasserBACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still stand as one of the commonest health problems affecting women of reproductive age. The knowledge and practices on STIs among susceptible populations such as women of reproductive age attending or visiting Kampala International University Teaching Hospital need to be established. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determinethe knowledge and practices related to sexual transmitted infections among women of reproductive age between 18-45 years attending K.I.U-TH. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March-April 2017 among women of reproductive age attending or visitingKampala International University Teaching Hospital. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. A total of 170 women were enrolled in this study. The collected data was analysed manually and results recorded. The result of the study was presented by tables and percentages. RESULTS:Of the 170 volunteered female patients who participated in the study, 93(55%) had knowledge on STIs. The main source of information on STIswas dominantly from school136(80%).136(80%)believed that STIs are caused by virus and 127(75%) agreed that itching in the genital area is the major sign/symptom.136(80%) believed that having unprotected sex is the major practice that can lead to STIs followed by having multiple partners. 161(95%) agreed that testing partner before intercourse, abstinence and regular medical checkup are the major preventive measures to STIs as 119(70%) agreed that STIs can lead to infertility and miscarriage. CONCLUSION:Most of the participants knew about the causes, types, symptoms, predisposing factors and means of prevention of STIs, although a significant number did not know about the systemic effects or consequences of STIs to their body and some preventive measures. Majority of the participants didn't follow the appropriate behaviour patterns despite being knowledgeable about the various methods of prevention of STIs. Intensive educational campaigns to communities by providing information about STIs ensuring that the participants know the causes, practices, complications and ways how STIs can be prevented.
- ItemPrevalence and factors associated pneumonia among children below five years attending pediatric ward at Bushenyi health center IV, Bushenyi district.(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2017-06) Ogwang, AmbroseeINTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is a life threateni;ig lower respiratory tract infection caused by a variety of microorganisms that include viruses, bacteria, or fungi. In Uganda, pneumonia, along with malaria and diarrhea, is a leading cause of death among children. STUDY OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pneumonia among Children below 5 years attending Pediatrics ward at Bushenyi Health Center IV between the months of April and May 2017 .. METHOD: A mixed cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted usmg a prepared questionnaire in English language to collect demographic data, socioeconomic and economic risk factors. RESULTS: Out of 135 participants, 27.4% of the participants had pneumonia and 72.6% had no pneumonia. Socioeconomic factors were as, 78.5% of the study participants were from rural areas while 21.5% were urban dwellers. 34.1 % of the Mothers and 31.1 % fathers had not completed primary school. 23.7% of fathers and only 5.9% of mothers were still learning higher level program. 28.1 % fathers to these children were farmers. Ownership of household properties were TVs (57%), Radios (75.6%), cattle (48.9%), poultry (72.6%), Bicycles (71.9%). Environmental factors were as; Charcoal and wood where 45%, 0.7% use crop wastes. 61.5% live in non cemented houses, 99.2% of living rooms have at least one window, and 80% are separated from the living room. 23.7% on their mothers' back while cooking and 6.7% report smoking of whom 4.4% smoker the house. CONCLUSION: The present study has identified a comparatively high prevalence of pneumonia in O -5 years old children. It also pointed out modifiable risk factors of pneumonia as socio-economical status of the people and public health activities such as use of improved stoves for cooking should be implemented. RECOMMENDATION: The study recommends that while improving the socio-economical status of the people through the poverty eradication programmes is welcome, this can take a long time to bear fruit and also Use of firewood should be discouraged but instead alternative
- ItemUrinary tract infections and associated factors among youth, a case study at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Mutonyi, Iryn MonicaIntroduction Nationally, urinary tract infection is more common among child bearing age group of both males and females and it poses dangerous health risk if left untreated. Aim The study aimed at assessing the occurrence of urinary tract infections among the youths attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design quantitative in nature was used. Convenient sampling method was used to recruit 156 respondents for the study. Questionnaire was used for data collection and was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results 94% of the respondents stated that they were sexually active where 80% stated having one partner and 14% having two partners. 52% stated that they had been hospitalized with indwelling urethral catheters. 6% stated they were not sexually active. Conclusion The researcher concluded that most of the youths had exposure to UTI in many different ways at some point of their life. Recommendation I recommend health workers to properly treat UTI and give preventive measures to those at risk of getting infected.
- ItemSuicidal tendencies amongst patients with epilepsy at Kyabugimbi Health Centre IV, Bushenyi District(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Gumisiriza, AlexIntroduction Epilepsy is the world’s most common brain disorder (WHO, 2005). The numbers of people around the world who have epilepsy are estimated to be 65million (US Epilepsy foundation, 2016). The association also defines epilepsy as a neurological condition that affects the nervous system. Problem statement Suicidal behaviour in epileptic patients is a real problem, frequently under-diagnosed by physicians EAtock Et al, 2007. This research will therefore investigate the relationship between illness perception and suicidal behaviour among people with epilepsy. General objective To assess the relationship between illness perception and suicidal tendencies among people with epilepsy. Specific objective To determine the rate of suicidal ideation and attempt among epileptic patients, investigate the relationship between the perception of epilepsy and suicidal behaviour and assess illness perception of patients with epilepsy. Results. 32.5% of the respondents had suicidal ideation and tendency with only 7.7 % having the highest tendency (17+ points). Most of the respondents agreed that the illness was temporary and did not have statistical significance in relation to suicidal ideation (f=0.06, p=79) Conclusion Perception of epileptic patients about the illness was negative, as vast majority of the sample agreed that; the illness was permanent, had major consequence on their lives, had a serious financial impact on them, gives difficulty to those who are close to them, they felt depressed about the illness and the illness could not be cured The relationship between perception and suicidal tendencies was minimal Recommendation • The health workers should provide adequate counselling services to epileptic patients; Epileptic patients should be screened for depression. Stake holders should create employment opportunities; the health centre should sensitize the community about epilepsy.
- ItemDuration of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers attending ANC at Rakai Hospital, Rakai District(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Nabimuli, ZulaikaBackground: Breast feeding has numerous benefits for both the mother and the child including saving lives, improving child health among others. Despite the numerous known benefits of breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding among children under six months has remained below the 50% target of the World Health Assembly. Objectives: the study was aimed at determining the duration and factors associated with breast feeding among mothers attending ANC at Rakai District Hospital. Method: The study was cross-sectional involving administration of questionnaires to 112 mothers attending ANC at Rakai District Hospital. Results: 20.5% of the participants breastfeed their babies immediately, while 33.0% breastfeed after one hour. 58.0% of the participants breastfed exclusively for six months, 18.6% breast fed for less than six months. However, among those who breastfeed generally, 25.9% breast fed for 6-12 months, and 21.4% breastfed for 1-2 years. 90.1% of the mothers who had knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding and overall general breastfeeding, of whom 73.2% had attended ANC during pregnancy. Most of the mothers who breast fed had parity of greater than seven (32.1%), and had attained primary level education (41, 1%). Conclusion: The study shows that most mothers exclusively breastfed their babies for a period of less than six months, and overall breast feeding for less than two years. In this study the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and overall breastfeeding was directly associated with parity, maternal age, education level, antenatal service and knowledge of mothers on breastfeeding.
- ItemSelf-medication among patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Out Patient Department, Ishaka-Bushenyi District, Western Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Birungi, SolomonSelf-medication use has led society to antibiotic resistance—a serious health problem worldwide. AIM: This study aimed to assess prevalence, factors, common drugs used to treat the common symptoms and sources of the drugs used in self-medication by patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Ishaka, Bushenyi district in Western Uganda. STUDY DESIGN: The cross-sectional descriptive study method was processed using questionnaires in different out-patient clinics at KIUTH. In total, 118 patients completed the questionnaire and were included in the study.RESULTS; More than half of the respondents 98/118 (83.3%) had used drugs (Over the Counter drugs) to treat self-diagnosed illnesses. Almost half of therespondents used antibiotics and analgesics either against viral (commonly cold)or mixed (bacterial and viral) infections. The respondents with lower educational qualifications (29.7%) and those from rural areas (32%) were significantly less involved in the self-medication practice,however respondents with high education (70.3%) and those from urban areas (58%) as around Ishaka town were more involved with the use “Over the Counter drugs”. There was significant difference between genders, different age groups, or different parenthood status as shown in Table 1.Preferred drugs were Paracetamol (37%), followed by Amoxicillin (36%) in penicillin class, used to treat respiratory and abdominal symptoms. Respondents carried out self-medication because they considered their symptoms minor in (39%) as (17%)wanted to reduce costs required to seek treatment in a hospital setting, and sources of drugs were majorly pharmacies in (31.6%) of the respondents.CONCLUSION: Rate of self-medication incidence among the patients in Ishaka, has been shown to be high and is a major public health problem as it is associated increased emergency antimicrobial resistance and adverse side effects. RECOMMENDATION: Increase PUBLIC awareness about the dangers of self-medication through community out-reaches by concern organizations as Uganda national drug authority.
- ItemFactors influencing the ineffective male involvement in antenatal care In Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi District, Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Opio, JacobIntroduction: Male involvement in antenatal care as one of the major aspects of maternal health care is an important strategy in reducing preventable maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide (Singh et al.,2012). Due to the low male involvement in antenatal care among other factors, the country continues to have one of the highest MMR at 137 per 1,000 live births (Tweheyo et al., 2010). Antenatal care visits are an ideal time to advise mothers with their partners and families on essential pregnancy care to reduce stillbirths and neonatal deaths and develop a birth preparedness plan (Lincetto et al., 2006). Methodology: The researcher employed a quantitative cross sectional study design and the study population involved all married men or men who had ever had spouses in Ishaka municipality, Bushenyi district. Simple sampling technique was used. Data was collected using interview guided questionnaires formulated in English and subsequently analysed using SPSS 16.0. Data was then presented inform of tables, pie charts and graphs. Results: One hundred and twenty males in Ishaka municipality participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 38.0 (SD ± 1.41) and age range was 17- 75 years. The majority of respondents 46(38.3%) were between the age of 35 and 44 years, 81 (67.5%). Banyankole .The majority of respondents 64(53%) have low levels of knowledge on male involvement in antenatal care. Commonly agreed barriers to male involvement included too much waiting time at the ANC,nature of spouses’ occupation, fear of positive HIV results, long distance to ANC clinic,91(75%) ,80(66.7%), 68(56.7%), (51.7%) respectively. Enormous number 85(70.8%) of respondents agree that creation of awareness among men through traditional authorities can promote male involvement in antenatal care Conclusions: This study concluded that, factors influencing male involvement in antenatal care included family Monthly income, distance from health, Alcoholism unit and level of knowledge of respondents. The majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge on male involvement in antenatal care. Time wasting during antenatal visits was the commonest agreed barriers to male involvement during antenatal visit. Recommendation: The study recommended the need to increase men’s knowledge on male involvement in ANC through massive campaign in Ishaka municipality.
- ItemHygiene and skin infections among children below 15 years in Rukindo Primary School, Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi District- Western Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Kamugisha, SamuelBackground and objectives: Skin infections are among the common diseases in children of Africa. Among the factors contributing to high prevalence of skin infections, poor hygiene is the most apparent factor yet can be controllable. Schools are organized communities where children from different families with different social status spend much of their time. The role of school is important for cognitive, creative and social development of children. Education regarding proper sanitation and hygiene practices is necessary for control of skin diseases plus having a safe, secure and healthy environment so that children can have a better life. Since the relationship of hygiene and skin infections among children below 15 years was not yet well established as a problem concern and still stands, my research aimed at assessing possible hygiene related skin infections, contribution of poor hygiene towards the development of these infections with its factors that precipitate un improved hygiene and the prevention measures of these skin infections in children under 15 years studying in Rukindo Primary School of Bushenyi, Uganda. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was done amongst the primary school children in Rukindo Primary school with the help of a predesigned and pretested questionnaire, verbal interaction and random clinical examination. Data analysis was done. Results: Out of 200 pupils, 68 I.e. 34% had the commonly known skin infections where 21% were boys and 13% were girls making a ratio of 21:13 showing a more prevalence in boys. Common skin diseases were ring worms; 8.8%, scabies; 11.8%, tungiasis/ jiggers 35.3%, generalized dry or wet skin rashes 39.7% other skin diseases like carbuncles, furuncles (boils), and others 19.1%. Many of these pupils had super infections and appeared to have more than one infection. Conclusion: In this study, prevalence of skin infection found to be clubbed in the lower socioeconomic group, day scholars and in boys than girls. Hence, health education among the children as well as their parents to promote proper awareness and practice of personal hygiene hence reduce various skin-related health problems is necessary. Key words: Personal hygiene, Primary school children, Skin infection
- ItemPrevalence of alcohol use disorders among patients in the psychiatry unit of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in South Western Uganda(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Atoo, GilbertGlobally, the estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that, there are 2 billion people worldwide who consume alcoholic beverages (WHO, 2016). And the burden of alcohol use is public health concern (WHO, 2011). In South, East and West Africa, prevalence of alcohol abuse ranges between 10%-70%. (WHO, 2001).Uganda has previously been reported that, annual per capita alcohol consumption was 23.7 litters (WHO, 2014).Bushenyi Ishaka in western Uganda, produces many traditional homebrewed beer and distilled alcohol beverages. .STUDY DESIGN was retrospective study among patients admitted in KIU-TH psychiatry unit in a period of six months from Jan/2017-June/2017.Broad Objective was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorders among patients attending psychiatry unit of KIU-TH Specific Objectives. Was to determine the prevalence of alcohol related mental disorders, the types and quantity of alcohol causing alcohol related mental disorders and factors contributing to the increasing admissions of alcohol related mental disorders in psychiatry unit KIU-TH RESULT was that, mental health problems was on the increase and up to 34% of admissions was due to alcohol related mental disorders, 70.6% are new admissions. Alcohol induced psychosis is the most prevalent diagnosed alcohol related mental illness with 41.2% followed by Alcohol abuse with 23.5% then alcohol withdrawal with 17.6%. Stress was the number one factor associated with alcohol use mental disorder with 70.6%. However, when treated, alcohol related mental disorders has a good prognosis of 82.6% CONCLUSION Alcohol related mental disorder is the most prevalent mental illness in psychiatry unit of KIUTH..Alcohol induced psychosis is the most diagnosed mental illness. Alcohol abuse is more prevalent than alcohol dependence. Alcohol related mental disorder is the number one cause of disability. Married men are the most affected by alcohol related mental disorders.Stress influence is the number one cause of alcohol use. Alcohol related mental disorders have a good prognosis RECCOMENDATION KIUTH in collaboration with the University section should create awareness of alcoholism as a mental health disorder worth treatment. Youth are to abstain from alcohol completely. Alcohol sale and use should be strictly limited to few licensed shops. Government should create employment
- ItemPrevalence of diabetes among patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Rujara, Smith JuniorBackground: In Uganda, the number of diabetics has been increasing over the years since it attained independence. What is already known on this topic is that, Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health problem, from 30 million people affected 10 years ago to over 130 million now (Amos, 2007), and an estimated 300 million by 2025 (WHO, 2010). Study Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients seen in medical ward at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: The study design used was retrospective type. Results: The prevalence among 66 patients in the records 14(21.21%) had type I and 52 (78.79%) had type II associated majorly with 40 (60.61) positive family history and 26 (39.39%) of them had negative family history of DM. Also the few patients whose weights were taken and recorded had higher BMI (72.34%) Recommendations: Administration of KIUTH should if possible establish a diabetes clinic and employ diabetes specialists to handle these vulnerable patients. It would be appreciated if KIU could offer a course in diabetes as one of the specialties. This would attract some interested researchers/students to enrol so that diabetes specialists are produced to handle this “silent killer.” Conclusion: Type II diabetes was more prevalent with associated factors such as Obesity and overweight which were threats to health of majority of people especially women as compared to their male counterpart which led to complications like Neuropathy, hypertension, blurring of vision, gastritis, cataracts, heart failure, renal failure, and urinary tract infections. Above all, diabetes is likely to reach epidemic proportion in the next decade or so unless attention it deserves is granted.
- ItemKnowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among second year undergraduate medical students of Kampala International University Western Campus(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Laker, PaskaBackground: Self-medication particularly with analgesics and antibiotics has been widely reported leading the WHO to call attention to the dangers of self-medication as a cause of antibiotic resistance (Kamat VR and Nichter M., 1998; Abasaeed A et al, 2009; Sarahroodi S et al, 2010; Nalini GK, 2010; Calva J, 1996). In country like Uganda there is a wide range of drugs coupled with inadequate health service result in increased proportion of drug used as a self-medication compared to prescribed drugs (Sharma R, 2005). Assessment of knowledge and practice of self- medication is warranted especially in rural settings. Methods: This was an anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study. Questionnaires containing closed ended questions were administered to 288 second year under graduate medical students. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14. Descriptive statistics were performed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Statistical significance was assessed at alpha of 0.05. Results: The research results indicated that the mean age was (24) and the majority of the students who participated in the study were male(63%). The prevalence of self-medication in my study was found to be markedly high (83.4%). The most important reason for self-medicating was that it is cheaper (91%) and the majority (92%) of the students reported that they self-medicated because of diarrhea/vomiting with antacids found to be the highly used class of drug (93%). The majority got the information through advertisements with (98%) and (92%) of the students buying medicine from drug shops. However, even though most of the students feared having the side effects of the medications since they are prescribing by themselves without any experience, so they would wish to visit a qualified medical practitioner for medical assistant when they get ill.
- ItemFactors affecting utilization of family planning among clients attending maternal child health services at Kyabugimbi Health Centre IV Bushenyi District(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Ahimbisibwe, JacksonIntroduction Family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by reducing the number of pregnancies, the number of abortions, and the proportion of births at high risk in Bushenyi District. It has been estimated that meeting women’s need for modern contraceptive use would prevent about one quarter to one third of all maternal deaths. Objectives This study was aimed at assessing the factors affecting utilization of family planning methods among clients attending MCH Clinic at Kyabugimbi health Centre IV. Method Where a cross-sectional study design was used. Results According to this study, most of the respondents, were aged 25-34 (48%), had no formal education (60%), married (45%) by marital status, peasants (65%) by occupation, while by religion, majority were protestants (41%). Majority (87%) had ever heard about family planning while the minority (13%) had never. The sources of information were health workers (36%), 30% radio and 20% from friends. 38% of the clients reported to be using at least one method of family planning while the majority (56%) was not. Majority of participants reported to be using injecta-plan (14%), pill-plan (9%), condoms (6%), IUDs (4%) and minority (2%) calendar and 6% reported to be using other methods not listed above. This study revealed that majority of the clients reported not to utilize family planning services because they feared side effects (83%), 75% could not afford to travel long distance to the health facility, 67% reported that their religions were against the use of family planning methods while 41% reported that they were not effective in preventing pregnancy. Conclusion In this study, the level of awareness of family planning methods was high (87%) where most common sources of information were health workers (36%), 30% radio and 20% from friends. However, the level of utilization of family planning methods was low 38%. Among the factors hindering utilization of FP method in Kyabugimbi HC IV were; 83% feared side effects, 75% reported long distance to the health facility, 67% religion was against the use of family planning methods while 41% reported that they were not effective in preventing pregnancy. Recommendations Holding family planning campaigns, educating these clients about the benefits of family planning as well as giving them detailed information in order to put an end to the misconceptions and false beliefs they have about family planning services. More research should be carried on bigger populations for instance referral hospitals to capture larger sample sizes and urban settings.
- ItemMale partner involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission of Hiv/Aids at Hoima Referral Hospital in Hoima Municipality(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Sebwami, RichardIntroduction: This study was carried out to document the male involvement in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS at Hoima referral hospital in Hoima municipality. Broad objective The purpose of the study was to asses the knowledge and attitude, the level of male involvement and factors associated with male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Hoima municipality. Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross section in which quantitative method of data collection was employed in collection of data from respondents. Questionnaires were distributed to participants toasses the knowledge and attitude, the level of male involvement and factors associated with male involvement in PMTCT in Hoimamunicipality. Sample size of 200 participants was used, this included the Male partners who hard escorted their pregnant partners to the antenatal clinic aged between 20-50years.The predominant religion were Catholics 59% and seventh day Adventists . Regarding educational levels, majority of respondents had completed secondary level and above (61%) and the predominant ages were between 20-29 years. Results: The study revealed that very few males partner were involved in the PMTCT programespecially during HCT because of being at old age group above 30years couples, couples not living together, high number of wife’s pregnancies four and above, having no knowledge on methods of MTCT, and husbands failure to discuss HCT with their wives . Conclusions: From the findings i concluded that majority of the respondents have ever had about the male involvement in the PMTCT but there was still low male involvement in PMTCT programs at antenatal clinics. Recommendation: There is aneed to do an in-depth assessment of women’s experiences when tested HIV-positive in the presence of their partners at the ANC, as well as to develop strategies to improve male involvement. The study again recommends a formative research on the use of incentives to promote male involvement in the PMTCT program and the government should train more of the Health promoters and the VHTs in order to reach even those that are deep in the village that are not having easy access to the health facility