Genotyping the human papillomavirus and associated risk factors in mono- and co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus among women attending KIU-TH
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Date
2023-02
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Kampala International University
Abstract
Introduction: The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) genotype(s) play a pivotal role in cervical cancer prevalence in Uganda. This has been compounded with fact that, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reactivate HPV and facilitate the progression to cervical cancer. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the circulating HPV genotype(s) and risk factors in HPV/HIV co-infection and HPV mono-infection among women attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This was a case-controlled study including 114 women attending KIU-TH Clinton Health Accesses Initiative (CHAI) and gynaecology units. Questionnaires were administered and information regarding the risk factors associated with HPV infection were collected. All women were examined for cervical cytological features using VIA and Pap smear. Further HPV genotypes were assessed by gene Xpert. Data was analysed with SPSS and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The findings from this study showed that 37 (32%) of patients were VIA positive and (28) 24% were Pap smear positive, 3(3%) and 2(2%) were ASCUS for VIA and Pap smear respectively. Further, study revealed that 20% Hr-HPV were from co-infections and 10% from mono-infection. The circulating Hr-HPV genotypes were in the order other HPV (17.2%), HPV16 (9%) and HPV 18/45 (7%). Risk factors such as multiple partners, marital status and use of condoms were found to be significantly associated with Hr-HPV infection at P < 0.05, whereas age, education, vaccination and educational level were not. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed that several factors are linked to HPV infection and call for integration of cervical cancer screening using the combination of both VIA and Pap smear or gene Xpert as well as create awareness and implementation of vaccination program within Bushenyi District, and the country at-large.
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A dissertation submitted to directorate of post graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry of Kampala International University